Given keralas long history of labour migration, womens shrinking participation raises questions about the possible role of female labour emigration to destinations outside the state. The leading indian states for outward labour migration, in 2014, included uttar pradesh, bihar, tamil nadu, kerala, andhra pradesh, west bengal, punjab, and rajasthan. Documents such as passport, visa, work permit, labour card and health insurance issued by. Bonded labour system is such a system in which a labourer takes loan from the moneylender or landlord, and in turn, agrees to serve him till the principal amount and interest charged on it was not paid back. The labour scenario changed after the second world war due to widespread industrialization and it necessitated the formation of a department to handle the labour problems. Consumption expenditure, internal migration, kerala, network, reason for migration, remittances. Online licence details for the contract labourregulation and abolition act, 1970 district name thiruvananthapuram kollam pathanamthitta alappuzha kottayam idukki erunakulam thrissur palakkad malappuram kozhikkode wayanad kannur kasaragod head quarters kerala. In kerala, formation of the labour department was initiated by diwan sir c. Labour migration is associated with both positive and negative social impacts. Chandrasekhar, indira gandhi institute of development research, mumbai member 3. Dynamics of labour market in kerala is having a strong bearing upon its history of inmigration and out migration.
Kerala and punjab despite the small number of return migrants in the sample. The construction work is hard physical labour often under. Marine fishing ponnani is the major fish landing centre in malappuram district. Rules regarding opening of new schools, appointment of new teachers and their. The editorial team would like to pay special tribute to professor graeme hugo, director of the australian population and migration research centre at the university of adelaide, who passed away on 20 january 2015. Mar 20, 2015 posts about labour law kerala written by thomas geeverghese labour law updates a blog which brings out latest news and developments in the field of labour law, with a special focus on state of kerala. Issues and perspectives for india australia and new zealand gulf counties the european union ed old and new members of the eu newly emerging labourimporting countries in east and southeast asia, viz. The case of labour migration to punjab from bihar and other places has widely been quoted as an example. Out migration is not a random phenomenon, but shows clear patterns involving certain groups of people and certain regions like the states of kerala, tamil nadu, andhra pradesh and rajasthan in india, the hilly regions in nepal and the areas of chittagong. Migration from kerala declines for the first time in 50 years. Maharashtra, gujarat, west bengal, the southern states of andhra pradesh, kerala, karnataka and tamil nadu, as well as the neighbouring states of chhattisgarh and jharkhand rodgers et al, 20. Plantations idukki is the cradle of plantation crops in kerala. We analyse the income, consumption and savings pattern, and nature of work of the migrant workers in the trivandrum district, based on data from a sample of 166 migrant workers.
Another important reason of migration of households is study which accounts for 10. Emigration from kerala, andhra pradesh and tamil nadu a. Unique development experience of kerala has its own influence on the labour market of the state. Though the migrants from northern and eastern indian states are not skilled enough to work in these plantations, the shortage of labour has. Synthesis of the answers to the questionnaire on labour. Implications for the creation of decent jobs, 19902030 2015 human development report office 2 background paper david bloom is clarence james gamble professor of economics and demography at the department of global health and population, harvard t. Tea, cardamom, rubber and coffee are the major crops.
While existing studies provide evidences for short distance migration to kerala from nearby states like tamil nadu and karnataka, we. However, the kerala migration survey data indicate that both male and female labour migration from kerala peaked in 2003 and has since been declining. Emigration from kerala, andhra pradesh and tamil nadu a mapping of surveys on international labour migration from india prepared by dr. On the one hand, labour migration mitigates social tensions due to physical reduction of labour supply and serves as a source of hard currency inflow, in addition, it promotes acquisition of new knowledge and skills by migrants. Human development report office a guidance note for. Kerala has a unique pattern of development of urban rural continuum i. Munambam, vypin and cochin harbour are the major fish landing centres in the district. This study was designed to investigate the consequences of internal migration on family at destination. Synthesis of the answers to the questionnaire on labour migration. Prospects and challenges of outmigration from south asia.
Outmigration is not a random phenomenon, but shows clear patterns involving certain groups of people and certain regions like the states of kerala, tamil nadu, andhra pradesh and rajasthan in india, the hilly regions in nepal and the areas of chittagong. Migration in general, internal or interstate, migration of labour is an ageold phenomenon in india. Every year, the migrant worker population in kerala increases by 2. Insights from nsso data introduction of late labour migration is getting feminized especially in developing countries. Irudaya rajan this article employs survey data from the most recent interstate migrant survey in kerala ismsk to show how outofstate migrants are kept isolated from the surrounding community. Significant presence of families with children was not identified in the district. Ilo, ilo plan of action on labour migration in asia pacific, bangkok, 2005, p. District migration profile ernakulam labour migration to. The second, conducted in 2003, was known as south asia migration study sms. District migration profile idukki labour migration to kerala. District migration profile malappuram labour migration to kerala. Uttar pradesh was the top contributor at 230,000 outward migrants. Labour migration trends and patterns the asia foundation.
Second, migration to the gulf is large relative to the areas that migrants come from. The first of the two, conducted in 1998, was known as kerala migration study kms. Thus, loan or indebtedness is the root cause behind the existence of this labour system. The research paper mainly focus on causes and consequences of migration in india.
District migration profile malappuram labour migration to. Preference of migrant workers to continue in kerala for a long time. Prospects and challenges of outmigration from south asia and. The study is of a pilot nature on internal migration in kerala with a very limited sample size of.
First, does intraeu labour migration correlate with employmentunemployment. Kerala is on the threshold of a transition, and the consequences positive and negative of migration will play an important role in shaping the states future. Largescale interstate labour migration within india is facilitated by the freedom of movement for citizens within this huge nation state. India is the principal country of origin for the 17 million migrants in gcc countries. Looking back to the history, we can notice that labour outmigration did not create any major problems in labour market in kerala. Narratives revolving around the early postoil migration that began in the 1940s possess especially interesting dimensions. The conventional labour market of kerala is highly politically conscientised and trade unionized one. A study on issues of inter state migrant labourers in india. Posts about labour law kerala written by thomas geeverghese labour law updates a blog which brings out latest news and developments in the field of labour law, with a.
Migration and border policy project working paper 9. Innovative approaches for the management of labor migration. The kerala education act of 1958 was a unique legislation, the impact of which reverberated throughout the social life of the then nascent state. Migration is likely to generate the linkage between income and growth by reducing constraints. Migrant workers in kerala munich personal repec archive. India labour migration update 2018 ap migration ilo. The narrative around internal labour migration from bihar is focused on the states identity as. Although migration is a multidimensional problem and its causes are varied, it has been a subject of study to administrators, scholars and researchers all over the world. Irudaya rajan september 2015 the kerala migration survey 2014 is financed by the special grant from the kerala state planning board, government of kerala, thiruvananthapuram. Pdf unravelling labour migration to kerala gods own. The people compelled to migrant due to two factors development. Pdf the present paper focuses on the working environment, which is the core of employment relationship, faced by the migrant unskilled. Falling female labour force participation in kerala.
Interstate unskilled migrants of kerala, south india. Domestic migrant workers in kerala and their socio. Income from remittances will decline and the extent of migration to the gulf decrease as the region sees a saturation of the labour market. Insights from nsso data introduction of late labour migration is getting feminized especially in developing. Social integration of migrant workers in kerala kerala institute of. Gautam bhan, indian institute for human settlement s member 2. State consultative meeting on labour migration from bihar.
Human development report office a guidance note for human. Provides an overview of labour migration to kerala, india. Migrant labourers in kerala, indias southern most state, are a significant economic force in the state. However, such internal labour migration within india remains largely unstudied and offers huge scope for gaining significant new knowledge. Total stock of inmigrants 25 lakh estimate of gift in 20. District migration profile ernakulam labour migration to kerala. Today, the presence of migrant workers in keralas labour market is so visible that language. Pdf economic conditions of the migrant workers in kerala. Acknowledgements this guidance note, published by the undp human development report office hdro, was mainly prepared by marielle sander lindstrom and tim scott, and substantively. Migrant labourers in kerala, india s southern most state, are a significant economic force in the state. Kerala, a state of southern india is witnessing large inflow of migrant labour from different parts of. The aided schools were brought within the statutory ambit of the department. Together, these states accounted for over 80% of the migration from india at 678,644 outward migrants.
Migration of people from kerala, south india, to the arab gulf region has generated various forms of oral histories and local narratives, both in the migrants host countries and in kerala. State consultative meeting on labour migration from bihar october 12th, 2017 draft policy framework for improving the conditions of labour migrants from bihar. This paper examines the impact of labour migration on unemployment in the context of the accession of bulgaria and romania to the eu and the eus rules on the free movement of workers. The new economics of labour migration nelm perspective argues that migration decision who goes where, for how long, and to do what, are joint decisions taken by the household, and differently for different members of the household. Labour migration as complementary pathways for refugees in the asiapacific. Largescale interstate labour migration within india is facilitated by the freedom of. This paper, research on the labour recruitment industry between united arab emirates, kerala india and nepal, was commissioned to the international organization for migration by the ministry of human resources and emiratisation of the united arab emirates uae within the framework of the abu dhabi dialogue.
This paper examines the socioeconomic condition of the migrant workers in kerala. Box 935 bhat bhateni, kathmandu, nepal phone 9771 4418345, 9771 44316 fax 9771 4415881. List of members of the working group on migration 1. Online licence details for the contract labour regulation and abolition act, 1970 district name thiruvananthapuram kollam pathanamthitta alappuzha kottayam idukki erunakulam thrissur palakkad malappuram kozhikkode wayanad kannur kasaragod head quarters kerala. The kerala migration survey 2007 observes that the unemployment rate in kerala has declined to 12. Introduction kerala, widely known for exporting labour to the gulf countries kannan and. Economic conditions of the migrant workers in kerala. Marine fishing ernakulam is a major hub of fishing activity in kerala and the marine fishing sector depends heavily on migrant workers. The editorial team would like to pay special tribute to professor graeme hugo, director of the australian population and migration research centre at the university of adelaide, who passed away on 20 january 2015, after finalizing his background paper for this report. Gulati institute of finance and taxationgift20, domestic migrant labour dml in kerala. Irudaya rajan chair professor, ministry of overseas indian affairs research unit on international migration, centre for development studies, kerala published by migrant forum in asia may 2014 cofunded by.
853 182 759 1318 1277 80 790 733 353 536 1514 486 291 33 119 701 310 1212 480 1130 1418 1474 3 1497 950 1346 524 353 1163 850 702 746 881 1156 894 1452 749 1182 1364 1393 65 288 866 490 183 657